This book discusses norm adoption and contestation by violent non-state actors. It demonstrates that rebel groups use international norms in their discourse and echo patterns in the discourse of states and that these groups do so to promote their own legitimacy at key turning points in their conflicts. It takes the understanding of norm adoption among non-state actors beyond the simple consideration of high-profile actions on the world stage, such as signing on to international treaties, to the earliest phases of this process at the day-to-day local level. By tracking rebel groups’ own statements over time alongside key points in their conflicts, this volume gives insight into their adoption of the language and the behaviors associated with these norms – and how groups comply with or contest these norms. Two rebel groups are examined in this study over the course of their conflicts: the KosovoLiberation Army (KLA) and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The international norms under analysis are human rights, international humanitarian law, genocide, and norms against terrorism. As such, the volume will appeal to students and academics straddling several different fields: human rights, international law (with a focus on human right law and international humanitarian law), war and peace, civil wars, conflict and rebel groups and international norms.