Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) are gaining popularity due to their eco-friendliness and superior mechanical properties. However, water absorption (WA) remains a significant challenge, leading to reduced strength and durability. This study extensively reviews WA characteristics in NFRPCs, examining its effects on tensile, flexural, and impact strength. Various surface treatments, including alkali, silane, and acetylation, have been explored to enhance hydrophobicity and improve fiber-matrix bonding. Additionally, the integration of nanoparticles (NAPs) is evaluated for its potential to minimize WA and reinforce mechanical properties. The findings provide valuable insights into developing high-performance NFRPCs for structural applications.