Since the dawn of time, gender has shaped our societies, dictating our roles and identities. Gender, this complex social construct, is today at the heart of many debates; the lines that once separated men from women have blurred, giving way to a multitude of identities. The legacies of patriarchy continue to weigh heavily on our representations of gender, while contemporary realities make these representations increasingly inappropriate. This book invites us to reflect deeply on the nature of this complex paradigm, in which notions of masculinity and femininity have evolved, changed and sometimes clashed. Drawing on the insights of sociology, anthropology and history, we seek to decipher the mechanisms that have shaped these representations, and analyze the issues they raise in the contemporary world. As traditional roles become blurred, new questions emerge: how can we reconcile individual aspirations with constantly changing social norms? And how can we rethink relations between men and women in a context of perpetual transformation?