For timber-concrete composite (TCC) structures to function as intended, the choice of connection type is paramount. Thus, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to efficiently find studies related to the topic within a limited time frame. Based on this review, a bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny. Data such as the relevance of authors, countries, journals, articles, keywords, and their links/clusters were presented. Regarding the research topic, dowel-type connectors were found to be the most studied and used due to their ductile characteristics. Notched connections with dowels were also widely analyzed due to their high strength, stiffness, and reasonable ductility. Other less-studied connection types were identified and described so that further study regarding the determination of their slip modulus could be carried out. A second review dealing with the behavior of the timber-concrete composite connection was also conducted. Thus, analytical theories for calculating bending stiffness were presented, and their precision was discussed.