Theory & History of Historiography by Benedetto Croce, written in the early 20th century, is a critical exploration of the philosophy and methodology behind writing history. Croce examines the distinction between history and chronicle, arguing that history is not a mere listing of events but a narrative shaped by interpretation and the historian's perspective. He asserts that history is inherently tied to the present, as every historical account is influenced by contemporary thoughts and circumstances. The work critiques traditional historical methods, which often separate events from their living context, and emphasizes the importance of documents in constructing historical truth. Croce argues that historical understanding emerges only when past events are viewed through the lens of human consciousness and are connected to current realities. The opening of the book introduces Croce's central idea that history should inspire reflection and self-awareness, linking the past with the present. In this way, the work challenges conventional approaches to historiography, urging a deeper, more dynamic engagement with the past to better understand human experience and its relevance in today's world.