Sugar is among the most traded commodities with exports accounting for over one quarter of global production. In this book, the authors discuss the global sugar market; the application of nano-and ultrafiltration in the sugar industry, and sugar utilization by fungi providing leads for fungal metabolic engineering in crude plant substrates in industrial applications. Additionally, this book discusses cotton crops, the most popularly used textile fiber in the world. The average production of cotton fiber in the world is around 25 million metric tons per year. Additionally, the authors examine cotton fiber grading and classification methods which play pivotal roles in the pricing and marketing of cotton fibers; a look at how the cotton plant responds to different stresses in the breeding of more tolerant crops; and the planting status of cotton worldwide, among others.