This intellectual enterprise marks a stopping point on the birth of political parties in Cameroon during the colonial period and notes that they were born from an alloy of exogenous and endogenous factors under the control of the colonist who shattered all nationalist desires for impose artificial independence. After gaining independence, Cameroon plunged into a dictatorship (1966-1989) imposing a single party under the reign of President Ahidjo. The return to democracy in 1990 did not bring major changes because the political system created a political monopoly around the Party-State and the other parties are only extras. The reflection raised is to better understand political immobility, the weakness of political parties and the absence of political alternation in Cameroon. The analysis proposes possible solutions for the advent of a new republic through the strength of partisan organization.