This book offers a nuanced snapshot of the complex geopolitical dynamics in the Persian Gulf, underlining the interaction between Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the US. Examining their interwoven relations since the 1970s, Luíza Cerioli's framework reveals how changes in US—Saudi ties have ripple effects on Iran—US and Iran—Saudi relations and vice versa. Using a historical lens, she explores how enduring US—Saudi connections hinge on order expectations, delves into the cognitive factors shaping US—Iran enmity and traces the source of oscillation in the Saudi—Iran ties. Employing Neoclassical Realism, the book investigates status—seeking, national identities and leadership preferences, offering a deeper understanding of the region's multipolar system. By combining International Relations and Middle East Studies, Cerioli's work contributes to both fields, unravelling the intricate interplay between international structures, regional nuances and agency in shaping Persian Gulf geopolitics.