Agriculture refers to the practice of raising livestock, cultivating soil and growing crops. It involves preparing plant and animal products for human consumption and distributing them to marketplaces. Fibers, raw materials, foods and fuels are the four major agricultural products. Agroecology is the application of ecological principles to agricultural processes and methods as well as the application of social justice principles to entire food systems. This strategy has the potential to significantly improve farming system resilience against the effects of climate change and reversing land degradation trends. Agroecological techniques such as agroforestry have beneficial effects on nitrogen levels and fertility, water regulation, soil carbon, and biodiversity. These techniques also reduce the severity of temperature extremes. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the social and agroecological perspectives on the evolution of agriculture. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.