First published in 1999, this volume draws on the theories of integration, credible policy commitments and convergence, this book demonstrates that the problematic evolution of the EU-Turkey relations has been due to an anchor / credibility dilemma: neither Turkey’s European orientation was a credible commitment nor was the EU’s anchoring capacity resolute enough to make policy reversals in Turkey less likely. The way out of this dilemma is to re-write the existing contracts so that non-transparency and the scope for discretion are minimised.