The revised edition of Sync or Swarm promotes an ecological view of musicking, moving us from a subject—centered to a system—centered view of improvisation. It explores cycles of organismic self—regulation, cycles of sensorimotor coupling between organism and environment, and cycles of intersubjective interaction mediated via socio—technological networks. Chapters funnel outward, from the solo improviser (Evan Parker), to nonlinear group dynamics (Sam Rivers trio), to networks that comprise improvisational communities, to pedagogical dynamics that affect how individuals learn, completing the hermeneutic circle. Winner of the Society for Ethnomusicology's Alan Merriam prize in its first edition, the revised edition features new sections that highlight electro—acoustic and transcultural improvisation, and concomitant issues of human—machine interaction and postcolonial studies.