A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure that involves the replacement of a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney received from a donor. There are several surgical complications associated with kidney transplantation such as infection, bleeding, blockage of the blood vessels to the new kidney, lack of new kidney function at first, and leakage of urine or blockage of urine in the ureter. The post-operative management of a kidney transplant includes keeping the area of surgery dry and clean since contact with water increases the risk for infection. Any activity or posture that places pressure on the operated area or the transplanted kidney should also be avoided. The blood pressure and weight of the operated patient should also be monitored regularly. Any signs or symptoms such as fever, increase in pain around location of incision, swelling, redness, or bleeding from the operated site must be reported to a doctor immediately. This book provides comprehensive insights into the surgical complications and medical management of kidney transplantation in detail. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area of medicine as well as for experts.