Superconductivity occurs when charge carriers form Cooper pairs and enter a single quantum state at a temperature below a threshold. In conventional superconductors, phonons are responsible for pairing, while in HTSCs, the mechanism is controversial. Several theories have been proposed, but no comprehensive theory accounts for all experimental observations. HTS materials have unique properties, such as the ability to carry large amounts of electrical current with zero resistance, operate at higher temperatures, and possess unique mechanical and thermal properties that offer potential for various applications. Continued research and development in this field will likely lead to further discoveries and new applications of these materials. The production techniques, performance, and low price are crucial in realizing practical and cheap cryogenic systems. Nanomaterials and superconducting physics are both branches of condensed matter physics, and a breakthrough in either discipline will have a chain reaction leading to rapid development.