Genetic research plays a very important role in society, as it is a viable treatment for serious illnesses. However, it needs precise and effective regulation, with democratic and plural participation, in order to balance the rights to life, health and scientific development. This book aims to discuss the main legal aspects involved in this issue with an appreciation of legislation, especially in Brazil and Portugal, as well as an analysis of case law on the subject. It is aimed at those seeking to develop studies on the fundamental right to life and other related aspects of biomedicine.