Sport performance involves a complex combination of psychological aspects, biomechanical function, and training methods. Its four main dimensions are endurance, skill, strength, and recuperation. Sport performance significantly depends on the health of players, skills of players, player's techniques, and level of proficiency in motor skills unique to players' sport. Sport performance measurement is a method to measure the performance of athletes in sports. Common performance metrics include distance covered, weight lifted, speed, time, acceleration, heart rate response, and heart rate recovery. Physical performance optimization is used extensively in many sports to gather data about an athlete's performance and physical characteristics. Performance tests enable the controlled simulation of exercise and sport performance for research or applied science purposes. This book aims to shed light on the various techniques used in the measurement and optimization of sport performance. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.