This set of essays - four, including the long title essay, being published here for the first time - reflects the author's long interest in the science and culture of the Victorian period. The first section examines the patronage of science and the activities of the British Association of the Advancement of Science and the Cavendish Society. The following one explores natural theology and natural history, and the impact of German scientists on British culture. Ten essays on science education then provide a broad perspective, as well as specific insights into heurism, technical education in periodicals, school examinations, and the unexpected role of Japan in stimulating educational innovation in Britain. In addition, Professor Brock addresses the long history of the linkage made between poor science education and national decline, and Britain's continuing need to enhance the opportunities of Science for All.