This major reassessment of the work of Emile Durkheim is presented in the context of a French philosophical tradition that seriously misread Kant by interpreting his theory of the categories as psychological faculties. Durkheim's sociological theory of the categories, as revealed by Warren Schmaus, is an attempt to provide an alternative way of understanding Kant. The categories are necessary conditions for human society for Durkheim. The concepts of causality, space and time support the moral rules and obligations that make society possible.