Near the end of the 19th century, publicly financed, publicly administered schooling emerged as the default educational arrangement for American children. But this supremacy has not gone unchallenged. The sectarian schools that in fact predate public education in America have survived, even thrived, over the past century. Multiple religious communities, including those that opposed sectarian schooling in earlier generations, have now embraced it for their children. Here, the author charts the growth of this educational strategy over the 20th century by focusing on the gradual embrace of sectarian schooling by different religious communities in America, particularly Catholics, Jews, and later, conservative Protestants (mainly in the form of homeschooling). The author also considers Muslim schools, not currently a force in private schooling or the subject of too much debate, but perhaps next in line to make their case for a place in America's educational landscape. More than a history of church schooling, this book also explores the rationale for religious schooling, not just on the part of individual families, but on the community level as a whole. The author considers the controversy religious schooling has always faced regarding the use of the schools to promote national unity. From Catholic to Islamic schools, all advocates of religious schooling have had to answer the charge that what they were doing was un-American. The author tries to make sense of that charge by tracing the history of religious schooling over the last 125 years.