Examining the clash between Roman religion and Christianity in Antiquity, and juxtaposing this with some of the cultural and religious conflicts currently unfolding in Europe, this book draws attention to interesting parallels linking religion, identity, and the construction of religious enemy images across the fabric of time. The book explores a number of issues in multicultural Europe, past and present. These include: cultural encounters and the concepts of religio and superstitio * infighting and propagandizing amongst emperors, philosophers, and church fathers * miracle rivalry and martyrdom * ancient Romanization and modern globalization * religious pluralism and universal values * freedom of religion and liberal democracies * secularism and the European fear factor. (Series: Classical Studies - Vol. 24)