Materials science includes the design and discovery of new materials. It is an interdisciplinary field which uses the concepts of physics, chemistry and engineering to understand materials and metallurgy. Materials science strives to understand the impacts of the history of a material on its structure, properties and performance. The materials paradigm refers to the understanding of the relationships between processing, structure and properties. It is used for researches in various areas such as nanotechnology, metallurgy and biomaterials. Forensic engineering and failure analysis including investigation of materials, structures and products also utilizes materials science. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of materials science and how such concepts have practical applications. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.