Proteomics, which is the study of the entire complement of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue or organism, has significant applications in the field of schistosomiasis research. Schistosomiasis is transmitted through contact with freshwater contaminated with the larvae (cercariae) of Schistosoma parasites. Chronic infections can lead to severe complications such as liver fibrosis, bladder dysfunction and an increased risk of developing hepatosplenic schistosomiasis or urogenital schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern, necessitating innovative approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and control. Proteomic techniques have emerged as valuable tools for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying schistosome biology and host-parasite interactions. This report provides a comprehensive overview of proteomic applications in schistosomiasis research, including proteome profiling, host-parasite interactions, post-translational modification and vaccine discovery.