Plant breeding is practiced with the purpose of improving the quality of a plant, to increase its tolerance towards environmental pressures, insects, pests, etc. As a field, it studies the traits of plants and focuses on the techniques that are used in selecting the desirable characteristics for the purpose of breeding. The advancement in plant breeding has resulted in genetically modified plants which display superior characteristics of growth and facilitate commercial production of fruits, crops, etc. This book outlines the principles of plant breeding. New technologies related to the field of plant breeding have been covered in this book. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.