Three centuries after the contributions of Isaac Newton (1642-1726), classical physics has attained a level of sophistication that enables it to provide solutions to unresolved challenges in contemporary physics. This book presents a theory of dynamic gravitation within the framework of classical physics that extends Newton's universal law of gravitation to encompass galactic and cosmic scales. This theory mathematically derives the dynamics of celestial bodies without invoking dark matter, dark energy, relativistic effects, or empirical modifications. It provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for Milgrom's modified Newtonian dynamics and integrates Newton's inverse square law with Milgrom's inverse linear law.
The dynamic gravitation elucidates the fundamental principles underlying various phenomena, including orbital evolution and precession, gravitational lensing, the missing mass problem, galaxy rotation curves, tidal tails, starbursts, bullet cluster and expansion of the universe. Additionally, it addresses the fundamental mechanisms for the formation of galactic and cosmic structures, such as central bars, barlenses, boxy-peanut-X configurations, leading and trailing spiral arms, inner and outer rings, Hoag's object, Cartwheel galaxy, shell galaxy, superclusters, gravitational wells, cosmic web and voids.