This book gives an extensive analysis of the physiology of hematology. Hematology encircles the physiology and pathology of blood and of the blood-forming organs. In similar areas of medicine, the pace of improvements in hematology has been rapid over the recent years. Now various treatment options are available to the modern hematologist and a great advanced outlook for the broad majority of patients with blood disorders. Developments in the clinic depict, and in various aspects are driven by, improvements in scientific grasping of hematological procedures under normal as well as in disease conditions. This book consists of a selection of research work which focuses on the physiology of hematology by analysing the molecular mechanisms behind the functioning of blood systems. It serves as a reference informing both experts and amateur readers about some of the latest developments in hematology, in both laboratory and clinic.