This book provides a comprehensive examination of solar energy, from fundamental physics to practical applications, with a special focus on Algeria's solar potential. Starting with solar radiation principles and measurement techniques, it progresses through the evolution of photovoltaic technologies, examining three generations of solar cells and their capabilities. The work particularly emphasizes Algeria's role in solar energy development, analysing both national programs and international collaborations like DESERTEC and the Sahara Solar Breeder project. The final chapter explores future perspectives, including technological advancements and economic considerations. This book serves as a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals interested in solar energy development, particularly within the North African context.