Petroleum exploration or hydrocarbon exploration is the science of exploring oil and gas from under the Earth’s surface. It is practiced by petroleum geologists and geophysicists. This branch of science and geology is grouped under petroleum geology. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to petroleum exploration. It picks up individual branches and explains their need and contribution in the context of the growth of this field. Most of the topics introduced in this text cover new techniques and the applications of petroleum exploration. Different approaches, evaluations and methodologies and advanced studies have been included in it. This textbook, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.