Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels refer to a group of ion channels located on the plasma membrane of animal cell types. These channels play an important role in the regulation of basic cellular processes and have implications in the initiation of various forms of cancer. Various functions are regulated by TRP channels, which include homeostasis, mechanical sensations, cardiovascular regulation, lysosomal function, cell proliferation and growth. Mutations in TRP channels are associated with several diseases like skeletal dysplasia, kidney disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, TRP channels are implicated in neurologic disorders, like lysosomal storage disorder, neuropathic pain, mucolipidosis type IV and cell injury caused due to cerebral ischemia. In the nervous system, TRP channels are responsible for excitotoxic cell death caused due to anoxia, receptor signaling and neurite outgrowth. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the study of TRP channels. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field.