This volume brings together different contributions on the history and archaeology of the Balearic Islands during Late Antiquity. Together, these contributions provide an overview of the period between the 3rd and 10th centuries AD, traditionally considered to be one of the least known periods in the history of the islands. The scarcity of written sources and, to a certain extent, of archaeological research, but also the historiographical influence of the 'dark ages', had given rise to a negative perception of these moments in island history and relegated the archipelago to a marginal role. It should be remembered, however, that the Balearic Islands were located in a strategic position on the trade routes of the western Mediterranean. It was precisely this location that made them a target for Rome, which occupied the Balearic Islands (Mallorca and Menorca) in 123 BC. In the 4th century AD, they came to constitute an independent province within the Roman Empire, before being conquered successively by the Vandals (455 AD) and Byzantines (534 AD) and ending up in Islamic hands at the beginning of the 10th century. This volume brings together, without being exhaustive, some examples of historical and archaeological research that have led to a notable improvement in our knowledge of this period. Undoubtedly, the research carried out in recent decades, both in academia and in preventive or emergency archaeology, has contributed to a substantial improvement in our knowledge of this long period of transition, a period in which the islands of the Balearic archipelago were transformed and finally entered the Middle Ages.