This book focused specifically on the newly emerging issues related to the development of green science/technology, and green economy toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It covers three parts, namely (1) socioeconomic science, (2) environmental science, and (3) development of green technology and economy, each consisting of five to six chapters. The topics covered are meant not only to introduce the basic concepts of green science and technology related to the development of green economy, but also address the challenges, policy instruments, international initiatives and prospective and perspective. More importantly, it presents several innovative idea, indicators and methodologies regarding the measurement of industrial transformation, resource efficiency, green competitiveness, and green trade. To facilitate research innovation/integration and meet the needs for comprehensive education on sustainable development, the book covers a wide range of sectors of major concern in the development of green technology and economy, including green energy, green transportation, green building, green agriculture, and green tourism. The book also features innovation technology and integrated management pervasively adopted worldwide and several unanimous case studies. This book serves a wide range of readers from students, researchers, engineers, policy makers, and entrepreneurs with the emerging challenges, new concepts, innovative methodologies, and integrated strategies it provides. The insights shared from the case studies are also illustrative and inspiring.