Hazardous wastes refer to substances that have a harmful or deteriorative effect on public health and the environment. This may be due to the toxicity, flammability, corrosivity, reactivity or radioactivity of the hazardous wastes. They can be recycled to produce new products, or destroyed by high temperature incineration or pyrolysis. Wastes can also be treated using cement based solidification and stabilization. Industrial wastes are any material rendered useless during an industrial process and may include chemical solvents, sludge, metals, pigments, paints and radioactive wastes. Such toxic wastes require specialized treatments. These can be classified under chemical waste, industrial solid waste, toxic waste and municipal solid waste. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of industrial and hazardous waste. It also elucidates the modern techniques of waste treatment and their applications. In this book, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of this field as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.