This collective compendium highlights the achievements of Soviet and Russian mathematical and computer science scientific schools in the area of image analysis and understanding, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and adjacent fields of computer sciences and applied mathematics.Contributed by renowned researchers, the materials collated are original papers never published before. This chapters provide good balance between fundamental and applied statements of problems and results.This unique reference text benefits professionals, researchers, academics, and graduate students in pattern recognition/image analysis, theoretical computer science and AI.Contents: About the Editors Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition in the Russian Federation: Main Results and Development Trends (Igor B Gurevich and Vera V Yashina) Mathematical Theory of Image Analysis: Descriptive Image Analysis: Descriptive Image Algebras (Igor B Gurevich and Vera V Yashina) Morphological Image Analysis: Mathematical Foundations and Applications (Yuri P Pyt'ev, Alexey I Chulichkov, Olesya V Falomkina, Dmitriy A Balakin, and Andrey V Zubyuk) Image Analysis and Processing Based on Two-Dimensional Variations (Pavel A Chochia and Olga P Milukova) Representation and Analysis of Regular Textures in Radon Space (Ivan G Kazantsev) Mathematical Model and Methods of Analysis of Continuous Contours Images (Rinat G Khafizov, Sergei A Okhotnikov, and Mikhail A Egoshin) Modeling and Processing of Image Sequences (Konstantin K Vasiliev, Viktor R Krasheninnikov, and Vitaliy E Dementev) Conjugation Index as a Proximity Measure in Problems of Recognition (Vladimir A Fursov, Sergey A Bibikov, and Denis A Zherdev) Target Shape Identification on Low-Count Images Using Expectation-Maximization Algorithms (Vyacheslav E Antsiperov and Aleksandr S Bugaev) Nonlinear Mapping of Hyperspectral Data (Evgeny V Myasnikov) Intellectual Software Support in Problems of Digital Registration of Random Point Structures (Alexandr L Reznik and Alexandr A Soloviev) Mathematical Theory of Pattern Recognition: Collective Generalized Solutions for Infeasible Systems of Constraints and Ensemble Learning Techniques (Vladimir D Mazurov and Mikhail Yu Khachay) Some Collective Methods in Cluster Analysis and Regressions (Vladimir V Ryazanov) Solving High-Dimensional Inverse Problems with Artificial Neural Networks (Sergey A Dolenko, Igor V Isaev, Alexander O Efitorov, Sergey A Burikov, Tatiana A Dolenko, Eugeny A Obornev, and Mikhail I Shimelevich) Generalized Spectral-Analytical Method and Its Applications in Problems of Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition (Sergey A Makhortykh, Liudmila I Kulikova, Anton N Pankratov, and Ruslan K Tetuev) Applications of Image Analysis and Pattern Recognition: Biomedical Applications: Recognition of Biomedical Signals for Medical Diagnostics (Anatoly P Nemirko and Ludmila A Manilo) Brain Signal Analysis from the Standpoint of the Structural Approach (Yakov A Furman, Victor V Sevastyanov, and Konstantin O Ivanov) The Early Stages of Post-traumatic Epileptiform Activity and Parkinson's Disease Based on EEG Wavelet Spectra Features (Yury V Obukhov, Konstantin Yu Obukhov, Ivan A Kershner, and Ilya G Komoltsev) Search of Completely Verified Regularities in Biomedical Data (Oleg V Senko and Anna V Kuznetsova) Mathematical Methods of the Blood Vessels Analysis on the Biomedical Images (Natalya Yu Ilyasova, Nikita S Demin, and Rustam A Paringer) Joint Flow Unwrapping and 2D Flow Restoration in Cardiac Color Doppler Flow Mapping (Artem M Yatchenko, Andrey S Krylov, Valery A Sandrikov, and Tatiana Yu Kulagina) Computer Analysis of Single Point Radiator Fluorescent Images (Aleksey A Rozhentsov and Aleksey A Baev) GIS Technologies: Models, Methods, and Information Technologies for Creating, Processing, and Analyzing Spatially Distributed Data (Yury G Vasin, Leonid I Lebedev, and Tamara Sh Utesheva) Methods for Aerospace Images and Raster Topographic Maps Processing to Create and Update Geospatial Data (Vitaly S Titov, Sergey Yu Miroshnichenko, and Vladimir S Panishchev) Document Analysis:Mobile ID Recognition: Coarse-to-Fine Approach (Vladimir L Arlazarov, Vladimir V Arlazarov, Konstantin B Bulatov, Timofey S Chernov, Dmitry P Nikolaev, Alexander V Sheshkus, Natalya S Skoryukina, Oleg A Slavin, and Sergey A Usilin) Algebraic Approach to Classification, Forecasting and Pattern Recognition Problems:Multilayer Constructions of the Algebraic Approach in Pattern Recognition (Yury I Zhuravlev, Konstantin V Rudakov, and Yury G Smetanin) Human Vision and Speech Analysis: Multilevel Models of Active Vision in Image Analysis (Mikhail V Petrushan, Mikhail V Kopeliovich, Konstantin B Kalinin, Boris M Vladimirskiy, Dmitry G Shaposhnikov, and Anatoly I Samarin) Implicit Modeling of Pronunciation Variation in Speech Recognition Systems (Vladimir Ya Chuchupal) IndexReadership: Researchers, professionals, academics, and graduate students in pattern recognition/image analysis, theoretical computer science and AI.