The concept of Darwinian medicine is not a new one. Yet until recently there has been little interest in how this might be applied to diet and nutrition.The relationships between modern diet, modern disease and obesity are astonishing. Our most prevalent and devastating diseases are affected by what we eat, and the basis of effective treatment and prevention can be found in the diets of our Palaeolithic ancestors.In Human Evolution, Diet and Health, Mark Hines examines the relationships in exquisite detail, showing again and again how modern diets can have harmful consequences for the human body. In this antagonism between our genotype and its environment, disease and obesity are not only more likely, but are practically foregone conclusions. The resolution of this conflict, we find, begins with the understanding of our pasts. Humankind's cradle in Palaeolithic Africa was where our genotype evolved, and the modern world is where it must now survive. The findings of this book have far-reaching implications for our future health, well-being, and medicine.