2Under Title 49 of the United States Code ("the Statute"),1 anyone who wants to engage in scheduled passenger air transportation2 as an air carrier must first obtain two separate authorizations from the Department of Transportation: "safety" authority in the form of an Air Carrier Certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA),3 and "economic" authority from the Office of the Secretary of Transportation (the Department) in the form of either a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity or a Commuter Air CarrierAuthorization.