An entirely new analysis of the battle for Fox's Gap during the battle for South Mountain. Hood's Defeat Near Fox's Gap is an exceptional analysis of Confederate Brigadier General John Bell Hood's troop movements during the battle of South Mountain. For the past 160 years, all other authors misplaced Hood's troop positions on the Fox's Gap battlefield by approximately a half-mile. The actual location of Hood's attack reconfigures the entire placement of the competing forces in the battle and, thus, the conclusions one makes about the struggle. Other authors did not correctly analyze the geography and topography of the battlefield. The failure to understand the topographical characteristics of the battlefield led other writers to make false assumptions about Hood's movement. Before the publication of Hood's Defeat Near Fox's Gap, the battle for Fox's Gap and South Mountain was never accurately reported or understood.