Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are of historical importance and interest since their discovery in Drosophila chromosomes during elevated temperatures. HSP expression is transcriptionally regulated and is highly specialized in eukaryotes where their induction is based on heat shock mRNA lacking in introns and is thus instantaneous in response to stress. HSPs are implicated in a variety of physiological imbalances. The precise roles of these chaperones in cardiovascular system are an interesting arena but not yet fully understood. This book is a dedicated effort in a concerted approach to describe the various HSPs that are elicited in cardiovascular diseases and to provide an interface between clinicians and biochemists in a concise platform.