Health economics is a branch of economics, which is concerned with the rigorous and systematic examination of the problems of healthcare. It strives to develop a comprehension of the behavior of individuals, health care providers and governments by applying economic theories of producer and consumer. Multiple types of financial information are evaluated, such as charges, costs and expenditures. Health economics seeks to optimize the allocation of available health resources for fair distribution, health promotion and disease prevention. It applies economic theory, economic models and empirical techniques for decision-making by health care providers, individuals and governments relative to health and health care. Health economics is crucial for promoting healthy lifestyles and positive health outcomes. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of health economics and the recent researches in this field. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new concepts, tools and applications of health economics. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this field.