Bioenergy refers to the renewable energy produced from materials that are derived from biological sources. An organic material that stores sunlight in the form of chemical energy is called biomass. Wood, straw, sugarcane, manure, etc. are some of the most commonly used organic materials for the production of bioenergy. Biomass fuels are often by-products, waste products or residues of animal husbandry, farming and forestry. Corn, soybeans, willow, switchgrass, etc. are some of the plants that are grown for the production of biomass. Microbial fuels cells can be used to attain bioenergy by the conversion of chemical energy stored in wastewater into electrical energy. The conversion is aided by the metabolic processes of electrogenic microorganisms. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of bioenergy. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with bioenergy will benefit alike from this book.