During the last two decades, parts of West Bengal and Bangladesh have experienced an unprecedented growth due to increased irrigation facilities and extensive use of better seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. At the same time there has been a steep rise in the number of agricultural labourers and landlessness is acute. This study seeks to explore the nature of this agricultural growth and its impact on land relations. The problem of agricultural growth in Bengal is closely examines land reform measures undertaken in West Bengal and Bangladesh to put ceiling on land holdings, to redistribute surplus land among the poor and to protect tenurial rights of the sharecroppers.