Climatology studies climate, which is the aggregation of weather conditions over a defined period of time. Global climatology studies global climatic patterns by using diverse methods and models. Climate indices, which are data that has been gathered over a period of time, can be used to study changes that are occurring in global climate. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of climatology. It includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of climatology as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.