Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a common chromosomal condition characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This genetic anomaly leads to a combination of distinctive physical features, developmental delays, and varying degrees of intellectual disability. It is one of the most frequently occurring genetic conditions globally, affecting approximately 1 in every 700 live births. The syndrome presents as a spectrum, with each individual showing a unique combination of characteristics and potential. While some people with Down syndrome may require significant medical care and educational support, others lead relatively independent and fulfilling lives. The journey of individuals with Down syndrome has been transformed over the decades, thanks to medical advancements, early intervention programs, inclusive education, and increasing societal awareness. Multidisciplinary care, including physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and regular medical check-ups, plays a crucial role in enhancing quality of life and functional independence.