This book finds its roots in the horror that engulfed us all around the globe as we experienced and watched with disbelief the events of September 11, 2001. Naturally, policy-makers around the world rushed to examine their law enforcement capabilities and the suitability of these tools to the new war on terror. This examination resulted in a wave of legislation around the world, aimed at increasing the power of law enforcement agencies. The digital environment was a major focus of these regulatory and legis- tive attempts. Given the horror of the events and the haste to provide law enforcement agencies with the best tools possible to—ght the new threat, policy-makers moved forward without much public discussion. Legis- tors around the world rushed to do the same. No real public debate took place before the USA PATRIOT Act was approved by Congress, 6 weeks 1 after 9/11. Our concern is that the public’s voice is also needed in this process.