Drug interactions are a critical aspect of pharmacotherapy, occurring when two or more medications interact, resulting in altered efficacy or increased risk of adverse effects. These interactions can be pharmacokinetic (affecting drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion) or pharmacodynamic (affecting drug response). Drug interactions can lead to reduced therapeutic efficacy, increased risk of adverse reactions, and even life-threatening complications. Understanding drug interactions is essential for healthcare professionals to optimize patient care, minimize risks, and ensure safe and effective treatment outcomes.