Demography is the statistical study of a population by examining and evaluating multiple facets of size, structure and distribution. It also investigates the spatial and temporal changes that arise in populations due to factors of birth, migration, death and aging. Population analyses can be performed on societies or specific groups of people classified by education, nationality, religion, ethnicity, etc. It helps in understanding the relationship between processes which affect a population like economic, biological or social processes. This book studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of demography and population studies and its utmost significance in modern times. Chapters herein cover a variety of aspects that are relevant to this domain. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge for students, researchers and experts.