This book summarizes some of the major processes involved in the production of daughter cells as they have been reported from work mainly with synchronous cultures of microalgae over the 50 years or so since that technique was first developed. It highlights the key findings that have led to our present understanding of cell cycle processes in microalgae with particular reference to those that control daughter-cell production. The authors of this book also systematize the data on molecular genetic system controlling drosophila bristle morphogenesis and proposes an integral scheme of its functioning. In addition, the current understanding of kidney regeneration after injury are examined from the perspective of renotropic factors, renal stem/progenitor cells, and stem cell therapies. In unicellular and multicellular organisms, asymmetric division enables segregation of damaged molecules into one daughter cell. The authors suggest that partition of damaged proteins and organelles and segregation of template DNA may function together to produce long-lived stem cells. Daughter cells' behavior of the chlorarachniophytes are also described and the evolution and biological implications are discussed. Lastly, recent advances in stem cell biology are summarized, and ways in which clinical medicine could take advantage of this fascinating field of biology are examined.