In 2011, almost 11 million passengers took a cruise from a U.S. port. Media reports about passenger personal safety while aboard cruise vessels—including those related to the January 2012 grounding of the cruise vessel Costa Concordia off the coast of Italy, which resulted in 32 deaths—combined with the increasing number of passengers taking cruises has raised questions about passenger safety and security. With the enactment of the Vessel Security and Safety Act (CVSSA) in 2010, cruise vessels that visit U.S. ports were required to meet certain security and safety requirements, such as having rail heights of at least 42 inches and reporting allegations of certain crimes to the FBI. GAO was asked to review cruise vessel safety as well as security issues—related to keeping passengers safe from crime. This book reviews the extent to which the cruise vessel industry and federal agencies have implemented the CVSSA, and any actions taken following the Costa Concordia accident to enhance the safety of cruise vessels visiting U.S. ports.