This book focuses on how to promote cross-border economic cooperation in the context of China national strategy including BRI. This book summarizes the existing regional economic development theories and sorts out the relevant theories of cross-border economic cooperation. Then, it analyzes the industrial development of China's southwestern border and neighboring countries, the main reasons of rural household poverty in the border ethnic areas by means of empirical methods, and proposes corresponding policy implications. Also, it explores the current border investment and trade policies of China, and compares the similarities and differences between China and Vietnam, and Laos and Myanmar.