Civilization at Risk: The West's Failure to Understand Islam explores how classical Islamic theology, grounded in the Qur'an and early sources, defines belief, unbelief, and the moral duties of Muslims toward non-believers, while emphasizing divine justice and retribution. Michael Robertson shows how these enduring doctrines continue to shape Islamist ideology and resist reinterpretation within secular or liberal frameworks, highlighting the tensions between traditional Islam and Western values of individual liberty, pluralism, and state neutrality. Provocative, rigorously researched, and uncompromising, this book challenges readers to confront the enduring clash between Islamic tradition and modern Western civilization.