Various studies on childhood in Brazil point out that a large proportion of our children live excluded and/or abandoned lives. Countries like ours suffer the consequences of social inequality, leading millions of children to live in inhumane conditions, which every day diversify and translate into these perverse forms of violence against this child population. This book is the result of research that aims to reflect theoretically on children and their childhoods in the teaching-learning process (school and non-school, informal and non-formal) from the perspective of phenomenological-existential research. The protagonists are the boys and girls in current or legal status, sheltered or passing through, describing their history, characterization, social work and societal interactions, and the psycho-pedagogical programs developed at the institution called Casa de Apoio. Based on a review of the literature, the author seeks out the senses/significances of the experiences lived in these spaces/times and the practices/knowledge of this study.