Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in the world. Despite significant scientific advances in its management, asthma remains responsible for a heavy socio-economic toll. The incidence and severity of the disease are higher in women than in men, particularly between the 4ᵉ and 6ᵉ decade, warranting special attention to better understand the factors involved and the specific profile of asthmatic women. In women, the prevalence of asthma becomes higher from the age of 18, with an increased risk of exacerbations after the age of 55. This gender difference in prevalence and incidence suggests the involvement of hormonal factors, in particular sex steroid hormones.Some observational data have suggested that other factors, such as environmental exposures, genetics, ethnicity, obesity and specific phenotypes may have a significant impact on asthma symptoms, progression and management.