Problems with effectively assessing the results of combat operations during Operation Desert Storm led to unnecessary restrikes of some targets, the waste of munitions, and to placing crews and equipment unnecessarily at risk. Operations since then have not fared much better. This paper examines the "BDA problem" in some detail, focusing on the current military doctrine that has evolved in recent years to address it. It begins with an examination of assessment's role in guiding the targeting cycle that drives air operations in combat. Given that foundation, it turns to a survey of joint and service doctrine and an analysis of what appears to be an ongoing doctrinal debate on the subject. Finally, it recommends some ways to address the shortcomings that presently plague the development of this doctrine and hamper the effective implementation of adequate assessment procedures. The ultimate purpose of this study is to search for a solution to the assessment problem in the hope of maximizing the contribution the use of airpower makes to achieving military objectives and minimizing the exposure of military forces to unnecessary risk.
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